remote desktop

Allgemein

Version feststellen cat /etc/*-release

sudo reboot
sudo poweroff
sudo shutdown

Nano Texteditor

Select: ALT + M + A

Copy: ALT + 6

Paste: CTRL + U

Zeile ausschneiden: CRTL +K

SUCHEN: CRTL-W

User

user anzeigen: cat /etc/passwd
benutzer hinzufügen: sudo adduser BENUTZERNAME
Passwort ändern: sudo passwd BENUTZERNAME
Benutzer zu einer Gruppe hinzufügen: sudo usermod -aG gruppenname Username
gruppe hinzufügen: sudo groupadd www

Netzwerk

ifconfig

ftpclient: sudo apt-get ftp

ssh xxx.yyy.zzz.aaa -l loginname

Crontab (not crone)

alle einträge listen: crontab -l

edit bzw erstmalig erzeugen: crontab -e

*/1 * * * * $HOME/test.py >> test.log 2>&1

jede minute test.py starten und in test.log schreiben

test.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import time

print(time.strftime("%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S"))

Installierete Software

dpkp -l > pakete.txt

sudo apt-get update # Fetches the list of available updates

sudo apt-get upgrade # Strictly upgrades the current packages

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade # Installs updates (new ones)

Disk Partitionen

ls /dev/
ls /mnt/
mount

mmcblk0 ... SdCard0

sda ... SolidDriveA (Hard Disk A)

sudo fdisk -l

sudo blkid -o list

df -h  ... DiskFree -human readable

cat /proc/partitions
sudo fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
p ... list partition
q ... quit without writing

Dateien / Files

Datein mit rechte usw: ls -l
rechte: owner/gruppe/other

freier Speicherplatz auf den HDs: df -h
Dir anzeigen: ls

alle Dateien listen: ls -a
suchen: find / -Name ftp* sucht alle Dateien mit ftp

löschen: rm
kopieren von Bäumen (-r) ohne überschreiben existierender Dateien (-n) und Ausgabe der gerade kopierten Datei --verbose
cp --verbose -rn quelle ziel

Rechte anzeigen: ls-l   (owner gruppe andere, username gruppenname )
chmod 774 datei

Owner ändern:
chown -c user:gruppe datei

zu anderem linux rechner kopieren:
scp myfile user@192.168.1.8:

standard Dirs:

1. / – Root

Every single file and directory starts from the root directory.
Only root user has write privilege under this directory.
Please note that /root is root user’s home directory, which is not same as /.
2. /bin – User Binaries

Contains binary executables.
Common linux commands you need to use in single-user modes are located under this directory.
Commands used by all the users of the system are located here.
For example: ps, ls, ping, grep, cp.
3. /sbin – System Binaries

Just like /bin, /sbin also contains binary executables.
But, the linux commands located under this directory are used typically by system aministrator, for system maintenance purpose.
For example: iptables, reboot, fdisk, ifconfig, swapon
4. /etc – Configuration Files

Contains configuration files required by all programs.
This also contains startup and shutdown shell scripts used to start/stop individual programs.
For example: /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/logrotate.conf
5. /dev – Device Files

Contains device files.
These include terminal devices, usb, or any device attached to the system.
For example: /dev/tty1, /dev/usbmon0
6. /proc – Process Information

Contains information about system process.
This is a pseudo filesystem contains information about running process. For example: /proc/{pid} directory contains information about the process with that particular pid.
This is a virtual filesystem with text information about system resources. For example: /proc/uptime
7. /var – Variable Files

var stands for variable files.
Content of the files that are expected to grow can be found under this directory.
This includes — system log files (/var/log); packages and database files (/var/lib); emails (/var/mail); print queues (/var/spool); lock files (/var/lock); temp files needed across reboots (/var/tmp);
8. /tmp – Temporary Files

Directory that contains temporary files created by system and users.
Files under this directory are deleted when system is rebooted.
9. /usr – User Programs

Contains binaries, libraries, documentation, and source-code for second level programs.
/usr/bin contains binary files for user programs. If you can’t find a user binary under /bin, look under /usr/bin. For example: at, awk, cc, less, scp
/usr/sbin contains binary files for system administrators. If you can’t find a system binary under /sbin, look under /usr/sbin. For example: atd, cron, sshd, useradd, userdel
/usr/lib contains libraries for /usr/bin and /usr/sbin
/usr/local contains users programs that you install from source. For example, when you install apache from source, it goes under /usr/local/apache2
10. /home – Home Directories

Home directories for all users to store their personal files.
For example: /home/john, /home/nikita
11. /boot – Boot Loader Files

Contains boot loader related files.
Kernel initrd, vmlinux, grub files are located under /boot
For example: initrd.img-2.6.32-24-generic, vmlinuz-2.6.32-24-generic
12. /lib – System Libraries

Contains library files that supports the binaries located under /bin and /sbin
Library filenames are either ld* or lib*.so.*
For example: ld-2.11.1.so, libncurses.so.5.7
13. /opt – Optional add-on Applications

opt stands for optional.
Contains add-on applications from individual vendors.
add-on applications should be installed under either /opt/ or /opt/ sub-directory.
14. /mnt – Mount Directory

Temporary mount directory where sysadmins can mount filesystems.
15. /media – Removable Media Devices

Temporary mount directory for removable devices.
For examples, /media/cdrom for CD-ROM; /media/floppy for floppy drives; /media/cdrecorder for CD writer
16. /srv – Service Data

srv stands for service.
Contains server specific services related data.
For example, /srv/cvs contains CVS related data.